Admission Test for Dental Hygiene (ATDH) Practice

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Which process is primarily carried out by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)?

Lipid detoxification

Protein production and modification

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER) is primarily associated with the synthesis and modification of proteins. This organelle is studded with ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface, which gives it a "rough" appearance. These ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where amino acids are assembled into polypeptide chains based on mRNA instructions. Once proteins are synthesized, they enter the lumen of the Rough ER, where they undergo folding and post-translational modifications. These modifications may include glycosylation, where carbohydrates are added to the proteins, helping to determine their final structure and function. The Rough ER plays a crucial role in the production of proteins that will be secreted from the cell, incorporated into the cell's plasma membrane, or sent to lysosomes. As for the other processes mentioned, while lipid detoxification, energy production, and lipid breakdown are important cellular functions, they are not primarily associated with the Rough ER. Lipid detoxification occurs mainly in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, energy production is primarily managed by mitochondria, and lipid breakdown is also not a key role of the Rough ER. Thus, the focus of the Rough ER on protein production and modification highlights its essential function in the

Energy production

Lipid breakdown

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