Admission Test for Dental Hygiene (ATDH) Practice

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What is the main role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)?

Protein transport
Energy production
Lipid production and detoxification
Redox reactions

The correct answer is: Lipid production and detoxification

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER) primarily functions in lipid synthesis and the detoxification of various metabolites and drugs. Unlike the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which is studded with ribosomes and specializes in protein synthesis and transport, the Smooth ER is devoid of ribosomes, marking it distinct in its roles. One of the key functions of the Smooth ER is the production of lipids, including phospholipids and cholesterol, which are essential components of cellular membranes. It plays a crucial part in synthesizing steroid hormones in specific tissues, such as the adrenal glands and gonads. Additionally, the Smooth ER is involved in detoxification processes, helping to modify and eliminate toxins from the body, especially in the liver. This detoxification helps ensure that harmful substances are metabolized into less harmful products, contributing to the overall homeostasis of the organism. Overall, the Smooth ER's dual function in lipid production and detoxification is vital for maintaining cellular structure and function, making this role essential in various biological processes.