Admission Test for Dental Hygiene (ATDH) Practice

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Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxifying lipids?

Ribosome
Smooth ER
Nucleus
Lysosome

The correct answer is: Smooth ER

The organelle primarily responsible for detoxifying lipids is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER). This specialized portion of the endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes on its surface, which distinguishes it from the Rough ER. The Smooth ER plays a crucial role in lipid synthesis, metabolizing carbohydrates, and detoxifying drugs and other harmful substances. In the context of detoxification, the Smooth ER contains enzymes that facilitate the breakdown of lipid-soluble toxins, making them easier for the body to eliminate. Its extensive network allows for efficient processing of various biological molecules, including the modification of lipids and detoxifying lipid-heavy substances. This organelle's role is particularly vital in liver cells, where drug metabolism occurs. The ability of the Smooth ER to modify and neutralize harmful lipids is essential for maintaining cellular health and homeostasis.